VA · Civil Rights & Disputes

Civil Rights & Disputes in Virginia

By CanISueForThis Editorial Team Reviewed by Editorial Team Updated March 21, 2026

Key Virginia Law

Virginia Human Rights Act — Virginia Code Section 2.2-3900 et seq.

Virginia's Human Rights Act, significantly strengthened by the Virginia Values Act in 2020, prohibits discrimination in employment, housing, and public accommodations based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, pregnancy, sexual orientation, gender identity, age (40+), marital status, disability, and military status.

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Procedural Details in Virginia

Virginia's 2020 Virginia Values Act was a landmark expansion of state civil rights law. Prior to 2020, Virginia had very limited state civil rights enforcement. The Virginia Values Act extended protections to sexual orientation and gender identity, created a private right of action, and established administrative enforcement through the Virginia Division of Human Rights (DHR). Complaints must be filed with DHR within 300 days of the discriminatory act. Virginia covers employers with 15 or more employees (smaller thresholds for some protections). Virginia has an anti-SLAPP statute (Virginia Code Section 8.01-223.2) covering statements made in government proceedings and on matters of public concern, with attorney's fee awards for successful defendants. The defamation statute of limitations in Virginia is one year under Virginia Code Section 8.01-247.1.

Virginia Agencies & Resources

Virginia Division of Human Rights (DHR)

State agency investigating civil rights complaints under the Virginia Human Rights Act and Virginia Values Act.

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EEOC Richmond Local Office

Federal agency handling employment discrimination charges for Virginia workers.

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Virginia State Bar — Lawyer Referral

Referral service for civil rights attorneys in Virginia.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What did the 2020 Virginia Values Act change?

The Virginia Values Act significantly expanded Virginia's civil rights framework by adding sexual orientation and gender identity as protected classes in employment, housing, and public accommodations; creating a private right of action for discrimination claims; and establishing administrative enforcement. It was one of the most significant state civil rights expansions in recent years.

How long do I have to file a civil rights complaint in Virginia?

Complaints must be filed with Virginia's Division of Human Rights within 300 days of the discriminatory act. Virginia has a worksharing agreement with the EEOC.

Does Virginia have an anti-SLAPP statute?

Yes. Virginia's anti-SLAPP statute (Virginia Code Section 8.01-223.2) protects statements made in government proceedings and on matters of public concern, with attorney's fee awards for successful defendants.

What is the defamation statute of limitations in Virginia?

Defamation claims in Virginia must be filed within one year under Virginia Code Section 8.01-247.1.

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By CanISueForThis Editorial Team Reviewed by Editorial Team Updated March 21, 2026